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The origin of Madras as we know it, dates back to a few centuries - about 350 years. Prior to that, small villages existed for well over 1000 years in a cluster of civilization. Villages around Temples like Parthasarathy in Triplicane and Kapaleeswarer temple in Mylapore near the southern coast and Marudheeswarer Temple in Thiruvanmiyur were in existence for several centuries long before the Europeans arrived here.

The first Europeans to reach the shores of Madras were, as usual in this part of the world, Portuguese. They built a church in Saint Thomas Mount enshrining the Bleeding Cross. And then they went further down to Little Mount where they built another small church in 1551 where St.Thomas , the disciple of Jesus Christ was hiding in a cave from his persecutors before being martyred in St.Thomas Mount.

One Francis Day, a member of the Masulipatnam council undertook a journey down the east coast of south India looking for a promising place. He found one near Poonamalee, ruled by one Damarla Venkatapathy Nayak, a local chieftain. He had chosen a village called as madraspatnam. The fort built by Francis Day was called as Fort.St.George as it was finished at the festival of St.George - 23rd April, 1653.

The settlement soon occurred around the Fort and the new town was called as Srirangarayapatnam, named after the nephew of Venkatapathy Nayak, Srirangarayalu.

Some seek to distinguish the name of chennaipatnam and madraspatnam as two different settlements. Chennaipatnam was the predominantly Indian town adjacent to town around the Fort, which went under the name of madraspatnam.

But the origin of the Name Madras is mired in some folklore. Some attribute the name Madras to the small church built by the Portuguese dedicated to the Mother of God - Mãe do deus , whereas others ascribe the name to a local village chieftain Maddarasu.

Be that as it may, Madras rose in stature and power with the rise of British Empire. Many colleges, hospitals and prominent landmarks were established in tune with the rising importance. Towards the end of 19th century, Madras was clearly established as an important hub in South India.

Despite its hot and humid climate throughout the year, the British chose this city as it provided - a relatively docile populace still clinging to the old glory of its Tamil Kingdom, a natural harbour which made easy access to the maritime colonial power's reach and the position it occupied almost in the center of a region controlled by the British.

Madras population consisted of people from many parts of the South India and from North. The Tamil language they spoke borrowed many words from all these languages and became a dialect - Madras Tamil. Despite the amalgamation of so many cultures, Madras remains a conservative middle class south Indian city even to this day.

The origin of Madras as we know it, dates back to a few centuries - about 350 years. Prior to that, small villages existed for well over 1000 years in a cluster of civilization. Villages around Temples like Parthasarathy in Triplicane and Kapaleeswarer temple in Mylapore near the southern coast and Marudheeswarer Temple in Thiruvanmiyur were in existence for several centuries long before the Europeans arrived here.

The first Europeans to reach the shores of Madras were, as usual in this part of the world, Portuguese. They built a church in Saint Thomas Mount enshrining the Bleeding Cross. And then they went further down to Little Mount where they built another small church in 1551 where St.Thomas , the disciple of Jesus Christ was hiding in a cave from his persecutors before being martyred in St.Thomas Mount.

One Francis Day, a member of the Masulipatnam council undertook a journey down the east coast of south India looking for a promising place. He found one near Poonamalee, ruled by one Damarla Venkatapathy Nayak, a local chieftain. He had chosen a village called as madraspatnam. The fort built by Francis Day was called as Fort.St.George as it was finished at the festival of St.George - 23rd April, 1653.

The settlement soon occurred around the Fort and the new town was called as Srirangarayapatnam, named after the nephew of Venkatapathy Nayak, Srirangarayalu.

Some seek to distinguish the name of chennaipatnam and madraspatnam as two different settlements. Chennaipatnam was the predominantly Indian town adjacent to town around the Fort, which went under the name of madraspatnam.

But the origin of the Name Madras is mired in some folklore. Some attribute the name Madras to the small church built by the Portuguese dedicated to the Mother of God - Mãe do deus , whereas others ascribe the name to a local village chieftain Maddarasu.

Be that as it may, Madras rose in stature and power with the rise of British Empire. Many colleges, hospitals and prominent landmarks were established in tune with the rising importance. Towards the end of 19th century, Madras was clearly established as an important hub in South India.

Despite its hot and humid climate throughout the year, the British chose this city as it provided - a relatively docile populace still clinging to the old glory of its Tamil Kingdom, a natural harbour which made easy access to the maritime colonial power's reach and the position it occupied almost in the center of a region controlled by the British.

Madras population consisted of people from many parts of the South India and from North. The Tamil language they spoke borrowed many words from all these languages and became a dialect - Madras Tamil. Despite the amalgamation of so many cultures, Madras remains a conservative middle class south Indian city even to this day.

Due to high pricing of ps3 games we can’t able to buy. Game stock is an Internet shop for ps3 games like Call of Duty War. Call of Duty World at War for PS3 goes back in time to World War II. In COD World at War campaign we can able switch between American and Russian soldiers of War. Research has shown that video games can improve mental dexterity. The popular theory explains that video games are responsible for boosting hand-eye coordination, depth perception and pattern recognition. Young men who play video game have ¬visual-perception skills and activate the brain’s reward circuits.

No cars, no waste, no pollution. Doable? Such a city is slated to rise from the oil-rich grounds in Abu Dhabi. Masdar, which means "the source" in Arabic, is a $22-b¬illion undertaking that could be the world's first carbon-neutral city.
In addition, Masdar's transportation goals are ambitious. Fossil-fuel burning cars are banned from the city in lieu of an electric personal light-rail system -- small, programmable cars that run only when you need to go somewhere, and a pedestrian-friendly city layout.

Masdar is already under construction and will develop over several phases, with completion expected in 2016. Up to 50,000 people are expected to live in Masdar, and the first residents will likely move in sometime during 2009.

In current economic crisis urban and rural hospital are not able to upgrade equipment on regular basis. MED is able to provide larger hospitals with more capital money for decommissioned equipment, turn this used equipment around and provide a high quality, refurbished equipment to smaller rural hospitals in dire need of updated equipment.

China is on its way to being the world's worst offender in greenhouse gas emissions by 2009. Yet there's an eco-oasis in the works on Chongming Island, near Shanghai. Chongming Island, roughly three-quarters the size of Manhattan, sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River and is poised to become home to one of the first carbon-neutral cities in the world: Dongtan.

It's the energy plan that makes Dongtan ambitiously green. The city will source its energy from a combination of solar and wind power, biofuels and recycled organic matter. There are no plans for landfills in Dongtan -- waste will be composted, processed and reused. Rooftops will be green with vegetation, which provides insulation. Only clean-fuel cars will be allowed on the island, and the abundant public transportation will run on hydrogen fuel cells. In addition, bike and pedestrian paths will snake through the city grid.

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A bowling green, a dedicated cricket playing field and an organic farm in the town's park sounds like a lovely, green place to live, yes? The future residents of Sherford, England, have these amenities to look forward to, along with a plethora of other green characteristics.

Sherford, in south Devon, is the eco project of Prince Charles. It will be home to 12,000 people and is planned for completion by 2020. Royal advisor's consider it Britain's greenest future community.

Homes and workplaces alike will put their rooftops to work. The majority of buildings will have solar power systems, and vegetation will cover the roofs of commercial buildings. About half of Sherford's power will be supplied from renewable sources in the community: In addition to solar power, plans call for wind turbines.

Now we are in heart of the financial crisis, mainly stressed by late mortgage payments. Homeowners were facing the highest rates of foreclosure and houses were seeing an average of twenty percent decrease in value. If this financial situation continues homeowners become unable to settle the outstanding debts on their owing mortgage. Istopforeclosure4u.com provides loan modification is an option to foreclosure that can assist the home owner in maintaining ownership of their living place. This is the process of negotiating with the mortgage lender to decrease the amount of the loan in two ways, one of the ways is lowering the interest rate and another way is by increasing the term of the loan. Make a toll free call to 800-946-0350 for to get more about loan modification.

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Victoria, British Columbia, plans to be carbon-neutral by 2012. Its Dockside Green project brings that goal closer to realization. The environmentally sustainable plans for Dockside Green combine residential, commercial, light industrial and green space on 15 acres of harbor-front land.

Let's begin with buildings: Those of Dockside Green is being constructed with reclaimed wood from forests that were submerged by reservoirs. Energy-efficient appliances and fixtures, green roofs (rooftop gardens), and carbon footprint monitors (that allow residents to track their heat, energy and water use over time) are outfitted inside homes.

It's unlikely you'll find a car or two parked in driveways, either. Residents of Victoria, and now Dockside Green, take part in a clean-fuel and hybrid car-sharing program. In addition, Dockside Green plans include bike and pedestrian paths, subsidized public transit and a harbor ferry.

Energy and waste treatment will be self-contained within Dockside Green. One hundred percent of waste will be treated on-site, and the treated water will be reused to flush toilets and irrigate gardens. A biomass gasification plant will turn wood waste into energy for heat and hot water.

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Treasure Island's transformation to green is just another shade in its colorful history. The 400-acre (1.5-square-km) man-made island was built in the middle of San Francisco Bay for the 1939 Golden Gate International Exposition. The ¬land was intended to hold an airport after the Expo. Plans for the commercial airport never took off, though, after the Navy acquired the island during World War II. In 1996, the base was decommissioned, and since then, the island has been home to a deteriorating landscape and about 3,000 residents.

The Treasure Island project will be a test bed for eco-friendly urban ideas. Some of the proposed green features include LEED-certified buildings, the reduction (or elimination) of storm water runoff, alternative forms of water treatment including artificial wetlands called Living Machines and a transit system that favors clean air vehicles over fossil-fuel chugging cars. A 20-acre (0.08 square-km) city-operated organic farm is planned in walking distance from the city center and will supply the projected 13,500 residents with locally produced foods. Solar and wind-farm power will provide energy; and by 2020, solar panels will cover 70 percent of rooftop space and will provide about 30 million kilowatt hours of electricity annually.

Whenver we go to a formal occassion like a dance, a party, or anything similar that you can imagine of, your dress gives you half the impetus in these kind of situations. After all, the saying, "Clothes make a man", is true to some extent. If you need a tuxedo to make that special effort to stand out, then I would strongly recommend "After Six" tuxedos. These guys are not just another formal wear company. In fact, they are the best. Their makings have won so many awards that it is quite hard to keep track of all of them. Not only do they cater to the needs of men, but they also cater to the wide and varied tastes of women. Their dresses are one of a class, and it is really hard for a person wearing these dresses not to stand out in a crowd. I mean, when it comes to a tuxedo, every extra effort that is put into making it makes a difference in the end, and it is this extra effort that AfterSix have put in, which is going to come into play when you are in that important party of a lifetime.So stop thinking, and take that extra step towards making your life better by going for AfterSix tuxedos.

This barn in western Pennsylvania lies on land adjacent to Frank Lloyd Wright's famous Falling water house a structure acclaimed for its artistic appeal and use ¬of the natural landscape. In keeping with Falling water’s brilliant integration of nature and civilization, the Western Pennsylvania Conservatory (WPC) uses the barn as a both a forum and example for visitors to learn about green building. It also holds community social events, such as barn dances, during its three-season availability. Originally built in the 19th century, the WPC had the barn renovated to become sustainable as a way to reflect their mission to connect the community to nature.
Striving to stay environmentally conscious from the outset, the construction teams were able to recycle 81 percent of the trash that resulted from renovation. In addition, the site provides shaded parking for idle buses visiting the Falling water house so that they use less air conditioning.

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¬Like the CDC, this courthouse in Eugene, Oregon is a sustainable federal government building. This massive structure is on a site previously occupied by a cannery plant that contributed to water runoff in a climate with 51 inches (about 1 meter) of rainfall each year. Efforts to reduce runoff led to the construction of underground parking, allowing for more landscape, instead of concrete, to surround the building. Moisture sensors that regulate irrigation and plants that can sustain little irrigation also reduce water consumption for the site. Waterless urinals and low flow plumbing fixtures help as well. All in all, this structure reduces water consumption by 40 percent.
Glazing on the structure also insulates heat. Although buildings with such high ceilings are costly to keep warm, a heating system in the floor offers a solution for efficiency. Because heat rises, warming these rooms through the floor helps keep some heat near the floor. To keep the building cool in the winter, architects designed the structure to provide shade for certain areas of the building.
Builders also placed a high priority in using recycled content in such structures that used steel and aluminum.

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The Lake View Terrace Library in Lake View Terrace, Calif., ties the community together with a structure that represents environmental sustainability and utility, as well as beauty. The efforts to attain a platinum LEED rating were successful and resulted i¬n a highly sustainable building.

Design specifications incorporated plenty of room for landscaping, while making pavement for parking more space-efficient. With this landscaping, the library reduces the amount of its runoff by 25 percent. To save water needed for irrigation of landscaping, many of the plants are drought-tolerant, and the system stops irrigation when it's raining. Plumbing features such as aerated faucets reduce unnecessary water consumption as well. These kinds of faucets mix air with the water to maintain a strong water flow while still conserving water use.
Builders were able to use material consisting of recycled content for much of the building. That includes the insulation, carpet and steel structures. In addition, the building's cement consists partly of fly ash. During construction, builders succeeded in recycling about 75 percent of the waste.

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When the city of Austin, Texas, required that public projects in the city qualify for Leeds silver status, the architects of the Austin Resource Center for the Homeless jumped on board. This public building serves the homeless population in the city in addition to offering a computer room, an art room, and offices for other public organizations. Using energy and water saving methods as well as environmentally-friendly materials, the architects succeeded in building a highly sustainable and useful building.

Architects also wanted to use recycled material wherever possible as well. So, cement partially composed of fly ash was used. And, although construction always entails producing waste, more than half ended up being recycled
In an effort to encourage alternative, clean transportation, planners designed a parking lot that limits spaces for cars (to encourage carpooling) and contains more space for bikes. In addition, the site includes a station for recharging electric cars. Its proximity to several bus lines also makes public transportation convenient.
One of the biggest challenges in green design is water conservation. On the next page, we'll learn how one building uses aerated faucets to reduce water consumption.

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In a district of Santa Monica, Calif., where the cost of living has skyrocketed, city officials have¬ been seeking ways to help low income people stay in the area. These efforts helped lead to the Colorado Court apartments, an environmentally conscious approach to affordable housing. With two on-site energy generation systems, this complex became the nation's first energy neutral affordable housing project. These two systems are a PV panel system and a natural-gas turbine cogeneration system. In addition, the heat generated as a byproduct of the turbine system helps contribute to the hot water supply and radiator system of space heating.
Another system constructed for the building collects rainwater from the entire block behind the building and filters it through the ground to reduce runoff. Low flow toilets and shower heads minimize water waste.
The design of the parking facilities also strives to contribute to environmentally-friendly practices. For instance, with only one parking space for every four units, residents are encouraged to take public transportation. The facility also designates space for bike storage as well as a station for recharging electric vehicles.
During construction, builders only needed to remove one tree from the area, which they then had replanted. The concrete used consists partly of fly ash, and recycled material makes up all of the carpets. In addition, builders used recycled newsprint for insulation.

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The initial structure for this house in Venice, Calif., dates back to¬ the 1920s with a renovation 10 years later. In 2005, owners decided to renovate sections of the house as well as add portions, increasing it to more than twice its original size. These changes, which focused on making the structure more sustainable, included adding a "solar umbrella" of panels which ended up providing 95 percent of the home's energy.

Construction materials used for the renovation included concrete that is 50 percent fly ash and recycled mild steel as well as other recycled materials. Because they started with an existing structure, the builders were able to forego using a significant amount of new material. Not only that, but builders recycled about 85 percent of the waste that resulted from construction.

The amount of water runoff from the house is low as well, thanks to gravel that lets water seep into the ground. Eighty percent of the water that doesn't enter the ground doesn't turn into runoff either because of a water retention system that collects the water in a basin.

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Oberlin College likes to practice what it preaches. To reflect what students learn inside, the construction of the school's environmental studies building has focused on reducing environmental impact. Located in Oberlin, Ohio, the building, funded by private donations, implements several green building techniques to keep this large structure energy-efficient and yet comfortable. For example, to minimize water consumption, the Lewis Center employs a water treatment system it named "The Living Machine." As the system takes in wastewater, the machine treats and purifies the water so that it can be reused for toilets.

The students and faculty also strive to use surrounding land in the most environmentally conscientious ways as well. Part of their mission included creating a nearby wetland to help reverse the effect of human elimination on wetlands in Ohio. Wetlands are swampy areas that organizations like the EPA seek to protect because they provide habitats for wildlife and can even improve water quality by grabbing the nasty ingredients out of runoff before it becomes drinking water. Also, fruit orchards on the Lewis Center land provide produce.

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Like the Z6 House, Chicago's Factor 10 House gets its n¬am¬e from its philosophy -- the claim that the structure consumes one-tenth of the environmental resources that the average home uses (in other words, it minimizes the ecological footprint by a "factor of 10"). In an effort to find affordable methods to green build, Chicago's Department of Environment and Housing held a competition for designs, and Factor 10 was among the winners.

Perhaps one of the most interesting aspects of the house is a wall made of water bottles. Not only is the material itself being recycled, but the wall serves as a heat sink which collects heat all day and releases it into the house during the cool night. Insulation for the house was manufactured from recycled paper, and the concrete used for foundation incorporates fly ash (a substance produced during the burning of coal.) Even the carpet consists of recycled materials -- specifically, material from recycled plastic bottles.

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The Z6 House in S¬anta Monica, Calif., gets its name from the philosophy behind its construction. Specifically, it refers to the goal of attaining zero levels of these¬ six factors: waste, energy, water, carbon, emissions and ignorance. This philosophy drove the owners and arc¬hitects to use every green building method they could to make a sustainable and livable home. Builders succeeded in producing only a fraction (one-tenth) of the waste typically put out by home construction. How did they do this? By actually building the house in pieces in a factory and then assembling these pieces on-site (which only took 13 hours)? Not only is this method efficient, but it allows the owners to disassemble the house and move it to a new location should they choose. In addition, movable walls in all the bedrooms allow inhabitants to adapt the rooms to their needs.

In their efforts to conserve water, architects incorporated several different green building methods. For example, a green roof with sedums and other plants allows a reduction in runoff. Other rainwater collects in a large water cistern, which irrigates the green roof when needed. Meanwhile, gray water irrigates the plants on the ground. In addition to these features, low flow faucets and showerheads contribute to reducing the amount of water used.

Owners made sure to select materials made with recycled products for things such as tiles and countertops, and even the steel frame. They also chose cork for the floors. Green building experts recommend cork as a practical and sustainable material because it is obtained without needing to cut down the tree from which it grows.

We spend most of our time keeping up on world happening like interesting facts, famine, flood, history of human race, continent and nations etc. I recently came across famous famine, which took place in the Russia in 1932-1933. This famine affects most main agriculture ground of the USSR like Volga Region, South Urals, West Siberia, Northern Caucasus, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The communist soviet union of Joseph Stalin distributes most of their agriculture product to the west in order to aid the rapid economic transformation - "Industrialization" and "Collectivization". this great famine in soviet union in 1932-1933 is called golodomor. In order to politicize the issue of golodomor and attract as much world's attention as possible, the word golodomor have been transformed into holodomor. Holodomor come from the Ukraine words Holod-hunger and mor-plague. This holodomor result was very massive and devastating with an estimated seven million people died in this place. Even though this area was known at that era as the breadbasket of Europe, the people were deprived of the food they had grown with their own bare hands. Million of Ukraine people starve to death. Stalin imposed collectivization, a power that seized all the privately owned farmlands and livestock. This is the place where 80 percent of the people were traditional village farmers.